A critical review on the use of artificial neural networks in olive oil production, characterization and authentication.

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are computationally based mathematical tools inspired by the fundamental cell of the nervous system, the neuron. ANN constitute a simplified artificial replica of the human brain consisting of parallel processing neural elements similar to neurons in living beings. ANN is able to store large amounts of experimental information to be used for generalization with the aid of an appropriate prediction model. ANN has proved useful for a variety of biological, medical, economic and meteorological purposes, and in agro-food science and technology. The olive oil industry has a substantial weight in Mediterranean's economy. The different steps of the olive oil production process, which include olive tree and fruit care, fruit harvest, mechanical and chemical processing, and oil packaging have been examined in depth with a view to their optimization, and so have the authenticity, sensory properties and other quality-related properties of olive oil. This paper reviews existing literature on the use of bioinformatics predictive methods based on ANN in connection with the production, processing and characterization of olive oil. It examines the state of the art in bioinformatics tools for optimizing or predicting its quality with a view to identifying potential deficiencies or aspects for improvement.

Neurotoxicidad por levofloxacino: a propósito de un caso y una revisión / Levofloxacin neurotoxicity: presentation of a case and a literature review

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Mujer con distensión abdominal de 2 meses de evolución / Woman with abdominal distention of 2 months duration

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Hematuria y masa palpable en hipocondrio derecho: utilidad de la ecografía en atención primaria / Hematuria and palpable mass in therightupperquadrant: Usefulness of ultrasonography in primary care

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[Macrocheilia, granulomatous cheilitis and Crohn's disease]. / Macroquelia, queilitis granulomatosa y enfermedad de Crohn.

Granulomatous cheilitis is a rare disease included among the orofacial granulomatoses. It is characterized by a idiopathic chronic inflammation of the labial mucosa (macrochelia), which takes the form of episodic and progressive outbreaks. In 10% of patients, it is associated with Crohn's disease. We report the presentation, evaluation and treatment of a case of granulomatous cheilitis which appearted two years after the onset of Crohn's disease. We conclude that granulomatous cheilitis is rare in children, with few reported cases, although probably underdiagnosed because of lack of awareness. The diagnosis of granulomatous cheilitis is clinical, although the histological evaluation is a determining factor. After making the diagnosis a comprehensive assessment of the patient is recommended, to rule out the other associated syndromes described in the literature.

Macroquelia, queilitis granulomatosa y enfermedad de Crohn / Macrocheilia, granulomatous cheilitis and Crohn's disease

La queilitis granulomatosa es una enfermedad poco frecuente incluida dentro de las granulomatosis orofaciales. Se caracteriza por ser una inflamación crónica idiopática de la mucosa labial (macroquelia), que cursa en forma de brotes episódicos y progresivos. En un 10% de los pacientes se asocia a la enfermedad de Crohn. Presentamos un caso clínico de queilitis granulomatosa que precede en 2 años al diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Crohn, haciendo referencia a la forma de presentación, evolución y tratamiento. Concluimos que la queilitis granulomatosa es una entidad infrecuente, con pocos casos descritos, aunque probablemente infradiagnosticada por su desconocimiento. El diagnóstico de la queilitis granulomatosa es esencialmente clínico, aunque es determinante la evaluación histológica. Después de realizar su diagnóstico se debe recomendar la evaluación integral del paciente, para descartar el resto de las asociaciones sindrómicas descritas en la literatura médica (AU)

Granulomatous cheilitis is a rare disease included among the orofacial granulomatoses. It is characterized by a idiopathic chronic inflammation of the labial mucosa (macrochelia), which takes the form of episodic and progressive outbreaks. In 10% of patients, it is associated with Crohn’s disease. We report the presentation, evaluation and treatment of a case of granulomatous cheilitis which appearted two years after the onset of Crohn’s disease. We conclude that granulomatous cheilitis is rare in children, with few reported cases, although probably underdiagnosed because of lack of awareness. The diagnosis of granulomatous cheilitis is clinical, although the histological evaluation is a determining factor. After making the diagnosis a comprehensive assessment of the patient is recommended, to rule out the other associated syndromes described in the literature (AU)

[Methylphenidate and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon]. / Metilfenidato y fenómeno de Raynaud secundario.

Raynaud's phenomenon is a clinical disease characterized by episodic attacks of vasoconstriction of the arteries and arterioles of the extremities such as fingers and toes, sometimes the ears and nose, in response to cold or emotional stimuli. A classic attack is the pallor of the distal extremity, followed by cyanosis and redness, accompanied by paresthesia, usually as heat. When it occurs without apparent cause is called primary Raynaud's phenomenon. When associated with other disease, is called secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. The secondary table is associated with increased frequency of rheumatic diseases of collagen. They can also present certain drugs that cause vasoconstriction, such as ergotamine, beta-adrenergic antagonists, contraception and sympathomimetic drugs. Regarding the latter, we present a case of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to methylphenidate in a 14 years.

Metilfenidato y fenómeno de Raynaud secundario / Methylphenidate and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon

El fenómeno de Raynaud es un cuadro clínico caracterizado por ataques episódicos de vasoconstricción de las arterias y arteriolas de las extremidades como los dedos de la mano y pies, en ocasiones las orejas y la nariz, en respuesta al frío o a estímulos emocionales. Un ataque clásico consiste en la palidez de la porción distal de la extremidad, seguida de cianosis y de rubor, acompañada de parestesias, generalmente como ardor. Cuando ocurre sin causa aparente se denomina fenómeno de Raynaud primario. Cuando se asocia a otra enfermedad se llama fenómeno de Raynaud secundario. El cuadro secundario se asocia con mayor frecuencia a las enfermedades reumáticas del colágeno. También pueden presentarlo determinados medicamentos que provocan vasoconstricción, como la ergotamina, los antagonistas β-adrenérgicos, los anticonceptivos y los fármacos simpaticomiméticos. En relación con estos últimos, presentamos un caso clínico de fenómeno de Raynaud secundario a metilfenidato en un adolescente de 14 años (AU)

Raynaud's phenomenon is a clinical disease characterized by episodic attacks of vasoconstriction of the arteries and arterioles of the extremities such as fingers and toes, sometimes the ears and nose, in response to cold or emotional stimuli. A classic attack is the pallor of the distal extremity, followed by cyanosis and redness, accompanied by paresthesia, usually as heat. When it occurs without apparent cause is called primary Raynaud's phenomenon. When associated with other disease, is called secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. The secondary table is associated with increased frequency of rheumatic diseases of collagen. They can also present certain drugs that cause vasoconstriction, such as ergotamine, beta-adrenergic antagonists, contraception and sympathomimetic drugs. Regarding the latter, we present a case of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to methylphenidate in a 14 years (AU)